List of domesticated animals

This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans.[1] The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals. It includes livestock, poultry, companion animals and working animals.To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".

List of all domestics

Species Wild ancestor Date Location of Origin Purpose Picture Degree and type of domestication
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) Wolf between 30,000 BC and 15,000 BC[2][3] East Africa hunting, herding, companionship, pest control, meat, transportation tame; significant physical changes
Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) Asiatic Mouflon between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC[4][5] Southwest Asia fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum
Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) Wild Boar 9000 BC[6] Near East, China meat, leather, companionship
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Wild Goat 8000 BC [7] Iran milk, meat, fibre
Cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) Aurochs (extinct) 8000 BC[8][9] India, Middle East, and North Africa meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization
Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) Aurochs (extinct), possibly Gaur 8000 BC India meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization
Cat (Felis silvestris catus) African Wildcat 7500 BC [10][11][12][13] Near East pest control, companionship tame, some physical changes
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Red Junglefowl 6000 BC[14] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, companionship
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane Guinea Pig 5000 BC[15] Peru meat, companionship
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) African Wild Ass 5000 BC[16][17] Egypt transportation, power, meat
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Mallard 4000 BC China meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Wild Asian Water buffalo 4000 BC India, China power, meat, milk
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) Various 4000 BC Multiple places honey, wax, pollination
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) Wild horse 4000 BC[18] Eurasian Steppes meat, transportation, power, milk tame, some physical changes
Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Wild Dromedary Camel 4000 BC Arabia transportation, power, milk, meat
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Silkworm 3000 BC China silk, food
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Reindeer 3000 BC [19] Russia meat, milk, transportation, antlers
Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia) Rock Dove 3000 BC Mediterranean Basin show, messenger, meat some physical changes
Goose (Anser anser domesticus), (Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag Goose, Swan Goose 3000 BC,

1000 BC (Swan Goose)

 Egypt,

Eastern Asia (Swan Goose)

 meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs, guarding
Yak (Bos grunniens) Wild Yak 2500 BC Tibet milk, transportation, power, meat, fibre
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian Camel 2500 BC Central Asia milk, transportation, power, meat
Llama (Lama glama) Guanaco 2400 BC [20] Peru transportation, power, meat
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Vicuña 2400 BC [20] Peru milk, transportation, fibre, meat
Domesticated guineafowl (Numida meleagris) Helmeted Guineafowl 2400 BC [21] Africa meat, eggs
Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Wild Asian Elephant 2000 BC Pakistan power, transportation semidomesticated
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European Polecat, Steppe Polecat 1500 BC Europe hunting, companionship
Fancy mouse (Mus musculus) House Mouse 1100 BC China companionship, research tame, significant physical changes
Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Fallow Deer 1000 BC Mediterranean Basin meat, antlers
Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) Muscovy Duck 700–600 BC [20] South America meat, fat
Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus) Cochineal Insect 700–500 BC [20] Chile, Mexico red dye
Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Indian Peafowl 500 BC India show, feathers, meat
Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria) African Collared Dove 500 BC North Africa show
Parrots, Parakeets and Love birds (order: Psittaciformes) Uncertain[22] 300 BC Multiple places companionship, show, talking bird
Banteng (Bos javanicus) Wild Banteng Unknown Southeast Asia, Java Island meat, milk, power
Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) Gaur Unknown Southeast Asia meat, power
Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) Mandarin Duck Unknown China meat, fat
Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa) Common Starling ancient times[23] India, Australia companionship, talking bird Raised in Captivity
Roman Snail (Helix pomatia) Helix pomatia 100 AD? Europe meat
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Wild Turkey 180 [20] Mexico, United States meat, feathers
Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii) Melipona beecheii 180 [20] Mexico, Amazon Basin honey semidomesticated
Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) Prussian Carp 300–400 China companionship some physical changes
Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) European Rabbit 600 [24] Europe meat, pelt, fibre, companionship
Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Mute Swan 1000–1500 Europe meat
Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Japanese Quail 1100–1900 Japan meat
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Common carp 1200–1500 Europe, East Asia meat, show (koi)
Canary (Serinus canaria) Atlantic Canary 1600 Canary Islands, Europe companionship
Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus) Brown Rat 19th century UK companionship, research
American Mink (Neovison vison) American Mink 19th century North America fur
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Ostrich 19th century Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Budgerigar 1850s Australia companionship
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) Cockatiel 1870s Australia companionship
Chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla), (Chinchilla lanigera) Short-tailed chinchilla, Long-tailed chinchilla 1930s Andes companionship, fur, research
Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) Zebra Finch 20th century Australia companionship
Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella) Turquoise Parrot 20th century Australia companionship, show
Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Dwarf Hamsters Syrian Hamster, Dwarf Hamsters 1930s Syria companionship, research
Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) Red Fox 1950s Soviet Union pelt, research, companionship tameness, some physical changes
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) African clawed frog 1950s South Africa companionship, research
Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata) Diamond Dove Australia companionship
Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Central Bearded Dragon 1970s Australia companionship minor physical changes
Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus) Eclectus Parrot 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands companionship
Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) Greater Rhea 20th century South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Emu 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Degu (Octodon degus) Degu 1990s Chilean Andes companionship, research
Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Gerbil 1950s Africa and Asia companionship, research
Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) Green Iguana 1990s South America companionship, meat, leather
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) Axolotl 20th century Mexico research
Andean Marsupial Tree Frog (Gastrotheca riobambae) Andean Marsupial Tree Frog 20th century Ecuadorian Andes companionship, research
Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) Australian Green Tree Frog late 20th century Australia companionship
Argentine Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata) Argentine Horned Frog late 20th century Argentina companionship
Cranwell's horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) Cranwell's Horned Frog late 20th century Argentina companionship
Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Leopard gecko Southeast to central Asia companionship minor physical changes

References

  1. ^ Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places of Animal Domestication
  2. ^ [http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/10/dog-domestication-in-aurignacian -c.html Dienekes' Anthropology Blog : Dog domestication in the Aurignacian (c. 32kyBP])
  3. ^ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27240370/ MSNBC : World's first dog lived 31,700 years ago, ate big]
  4. ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3. 
  5. ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2. 
  6. ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics 154 (4): 1785–91. PMC 1461048. PMID 10747069. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10747069. 
  7. ^ Melinda A. Zeder, [http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
  8. ^ [http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.]
  9. ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
  10. ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
  11. ^ [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus"]. National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06. 
  12. ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
  13. ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
  14. ^ West B., Zhou B-X. (1989). [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication"] (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal 45 (3): 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf. 
  15. ^ [http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge]
  16. ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano, et al. (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science 304 (1781). doi:10.1126/science.1096008. PMID 15205528. [New Scientist Lay summary]. 
  17. ^ Roger Blench, [http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]PDF (235 KB)
  18. ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
  19. ^ Domestication of Reindeer
  20. ^ a b c d e f D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. [http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]
  21. ^ Guinea Fowl
  22. ^ Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E., Matsumoto T., Eberhard J. R., Graves G. R., Sanchez J. J., Capelli S., Muller H., Scharpegge J., Chambers G. K. & Fleischer R. C. (2008). "A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Mol Biol Evol 25 (10): 2141–2156. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160. PMC 2727385. PMID 18653733. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2727385. 
  23. ^ http://www.writers-free-reference.com/10pets.htm
  24. ^ Interesting Rabbit Domestication History